When Artificial Intelligence Becomes a Criminal Tool: Urgency of Criminal Law Policy Against Data Theft in Indonesia

Helmi Gunawan

Abstract


Personal data has become a valuable asset in the present era. The security of personal data is an absolute necessity that must be considered by everyone to be protected from all existing threats. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly developing and becoming an integral part of modern society. This article aims to identify the various forms of acts that can be committed in AI-based data theft and to examine the national criminal law policies addressing AI-based data theft offenses. The article adopts a normative juridical approach through legislation and conceptual analysis, with a descriptive-analytical specification. The findings indicate that the most common form of data theft involves the dissemination of deepfake. Indonesian regulations have not comprehensively or specifically addressed AI in their legal frameworks. The Personal Data Protection and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law are the primary regulations applied in data theft cases; however, these laws do not provide detailed explanations related to AI. Perpetrators generally use deepfake technology as a method to commit data theft. The establishment of specific regulations to address AI usage from a criminal law perspective aims to prevent offenses that utilize AI as an aiding tool. The article’s results demonstrate that Indonesia’s criminal law regulations are currently inadequate to anticipate the misuse of AI in cybercrime, thus necessitating the creation of lex specialis norms that clarify the position of AI within the structure of criminal liability.

Keywords: Personal Data Protection; Artificial Intelligence; Data Theft.

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jih.2025.11.2.665

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