Cyber Law Reform in Indonesia: Regulatory Challenges, Technological Dynamics, and Adaptive Policy Directions in Digital Era

Eriene Chindy Octaviandini, Ajeng Aditya Listyani

Abstract


The increase in cybercrime in Indonesia, such as data theft, ransomware attacks, and the misuse of artificial intelligence (AI), shows that the national legal framework is not yet fully effective in dealing with the dynamics of the digital era. Although Indonesia has the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (EIT Law) and the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law), both still have various weaknesses, including ambiguous norms, weak harmonization between regulations, and limited capacity of law enforcement officials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the national cyber legal framework in responding to developments in digital technology, identify the main challenges in its enforcement, and formulate the direction of legal reform policies needed to make Indonesia's legal system more adaptive, effective, and responsive to technological developments, particularly in regulations concerning artificial intelligence that guarantee the principles of accountability, transparency, and justice. This study uses a normative juridical method, which is legal research based on literature studies by examining written legal materials. Data was obtained from primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations related to cyber law, including Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and its amendments, Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, the Draft Law on Cyber Security and Resilience (RUU KKS), and other related regulations. Secondary legal materials include literature, research results, scientific journal articles, and reports from relevant institutions from a national and international comparative perspective. The analysis was conducted using qualitative normative methods with an emphasis on legal interpretation, consistency of norms, and the relevance of regulations to the needs of cyber law reform in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that cyber law reform is necessary to establish a legal system that is adaptive and responsive to technological developments. These efforts include accelerating the ratification of the KKS Bill, harmonizing regulations, increasing the capacity of law enforcement officials, and strengthening public digital literacy in order to strengthen national resilience in cyberspace and protect the digital rights of citizens.

Keywords: Accountability; Artificial Intelligence; Cyber Law; Legal Reform; Transparency.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aabid, Muhammad, Tyas Dzaky, and Ibrahim Fikma Edrisy. “Strategi Pencegahan Kejahatan Siber Di Indonesia: Sinergi Antara UU ITE Dan Kebijakan Keamanan Digital.” PESHUM: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (2025): 12.

Amboro, FL. Yudhi Priyo, and Khusuf Komarhana. “Prospek Kecerdasan Buatan Sebagai Subjek Hukum Perdata Di Indonesia [Prospects of Artificial Intelligence As a Subject of Civil Law in Indonesia].” Law Review, no. 2 (November 2021): 145. https://doi.org/10.19166/lr.v0i2.3513.

Aprilianti, Astri. “Efektivitas Dan Implementasi Undang-Undang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik Sebagai Hukum Siber Di Indonesia: Tantangan Dan Solusi.” Begawan Abioso 15, no. 1 (January 2025): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.37893/abioso.v15i1.1002.

Br, Wahyudi. “Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Kejahatan Berbasis Teknologi AI” 5 (2025).

BSSN. “Lanskap Keamanan Siber Indonesia 2024,” 2024.

Budiman, Adhigama A, Genoveva Alicia K.S. Maya, Maidina Rahmawati, and Zainal Abidin. Mengatur Ulang Kebijakan Tindak Pidana Di Ruang Siber: Studi Tentang Penerapan UU ITE Di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian. Vol. 12, 2021.

Dinda, Adinda Lola Sariani. “Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Kejahatan Siber Di Indonesia.” AL-DALIL: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik, Dan Hukum 2, no. 2 (July 2024): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.58707/aldalil.v2i2.777.

Hakim, Hary Abdul, Chrisna Bagus Edhita Praja, and Sung Ming-Hsi. “AI in Law: Urgency of the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence on Law Enforcement in Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Novelty 14, no. 1 (April 2023): 122. https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v14i1.a25943.

Hardiyanti QAyunil, S., S Urrahman, and T Aurelia Rahim. “Kedudukan Dan Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Artificial Intelegence Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 4 (2024): 12687–93.

Haris, Muhammad Tan Abdul Rahman, and Tantimin Tantimin. “Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 8, no. 1 (February 2022): 307–16. https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v8i1.44408.

Hidayah, Nur Putri, Galih Wasis Wicaksono, Christian Sri Kusuma Aditya, and Yuda Munarko. “Artificial Intelligence and Quality of Composition Verdicts in Indonesia: Lessons from New Zealand.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 4, no. 1 (February 2024): 101–20. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i1.175.

Jaya, Febri, and Wilton Goh. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Kedudukan Kecerdasan Buatan Atau Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Subjek Hukum Pada Hukum Positif Indonesia.” SUPREMASI HUKUM 17, no. 02 (July 2021): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v17i2.1287.

Judijanto, Loso, and Budi Nugroho. “Regulasi Keamanan Siber Dan Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Cybercrime Di Indonesia.” Sanskara Hukum Dan HAM 3, no. 03 (April 2025): 118–24. https://doi.org/10.58812/shh.v3i03.544.

Ketaren, Eliasta. “Cybercrime, Cyber Space, Dan Cyber Law.” Jurnal TIMES 5, no. 2 (February 2017): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.51351/jtm.5.2.2016556.

Marita, Lita Sari. “Cyber Crime Dan Penerapan Cyber Law Dalam Pemberantasan Cyber Law Di Indonesia.” Cakrawala:Jurnal Humaniora Unievrsitas Bina Sarana Informatika 15, no. 2 (2015). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31294/jc.v15i2.4901.

Markus Djarawula, Novita Alfiani, and Hanita Mayasari. “Tinjauan Yuridis Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Teknologi Informasi (Cybercrime) Di Indonesia Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik.” Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah 2, no. 10 (June 2023): 3799–3806. https://doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i10.5842.

Martinelli, Imelda, Yohana, Cora Venessa, and Eudora Joyce Hiumawan. “Urgensi Pengaturan Dan Perlindungan Rights of Privacy Terhadap Artificial Intelligence Dalam Pandangan Hukum Sebagai Social Engineering Imelda.” Jurnal Tana Mana 4, no. 2 (2023): 158–66.

Martini Idris et al. “Regulation and Enforcement of Cyber Crime Law: Harmonization of the Revision of the ITE Law and the Criminal Code.” Lex Lata: Scientific Journal of Legal Science 6, no. 3 (2024): 396–411. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.28946/lexl.v6i3.4266.

Maskun. Kejahatan Siber (Cyber Crime). Jakarta: Kencana, 2013.

Mufti, M Wildan, M Hiroshi Ikhsan, Rafif Sani, and M Fauzan. “Urgensi Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Teknologi Berbasis Artificial Intelligence.” Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 11 (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11422903.

Muhammad Labib & Abdul Wahid. Kejahatan Mayantara (Cyber Crime). Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama, 2005.

Muin, F. “Hukum Islam Dan Teknologi: Adaptasi Hukum Islam Dengan Perkembangan Teknologi.” IDRIS: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 1 (2023): 97–113.

Netipatalachoochote, Stanati, and Ludovic Pailler. “Developing Artificial Intelligence Legislation in Thailand: Lessons from the European Union.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 5, no. 1 (March 2025): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v5i1.424.

Rahman Najwa, Fadhila. “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Tantangan Keamanan Siber: Studi Kasus Penegakan Hukum Siber Di Indonesia.” AL-BAHTS: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik, Dah Hukum 2, no. 1 (January 2024): 8–16. https://doi.org/10.32520/albahts.v2i1.3044.

Ravizki, Eka Nanda, and Lintang Yudhantaka. “Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Subjek Hukum: Tinjauan Konseptual Dan Tantangan Pengaturan Di Indonesia.” Notaire 5, no. 3 (October 2022): 351–76. https://doi.org/10.20473/ntr.v5i3.39063.

Respati, Adhansonh Aqilla. “Reformulasi UU ITE Terhadap Artificial Intelligence Dibandingkan Dengan Uni Eropa Dan China AI Act Regulation.” JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW 7, no. 3 (2024): 1737–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i3.10578.

Sa’bana, Sofia Mubarokah, and Rusdiana Navlia. “Penerapan Teori Fungsi Hukum Roscoe Pound: Soscial Engineering Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Jendela Hukum 12, no. 1 (April 2025): 45–54. https://doi.org/10.24929/jjh.v12i1.4217.

Setiawan, Radita, and Muhammad Okky Arista. “Efektivitas Undang-Undang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik Di Indonesia Dalam Aspek Hukum Pidana.” Recidive 2, no. 2 (2018): 139–46.

Siregar, Naek, Desy Churul Aini, Rehulina Rehulina, Agit Yogi Subandi, and Isroni Muhammad Miraj Mirza. “The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Armed Conflict under International Law.” Hasanuddin Law Review 10, no. 2 (July 2024): 189. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v10i2.5267.

Sitanggang, Andri Sahata, Fernanda Darmawan, and Dony Saputra. “Hukum Siber Dan Penegakan Hukum Di Indonesia: Tantangan Dan Solusi Memerangi Kejahatan Siber.” Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Indonesia 4, no. 3 (September 2024): 79–83. https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.409.

Situmeang, Sahat Maruli. Cyber Law, International Law, Security, and Military Power. Bandung: Cakra, 2025.

Suseno. Yurisdiksi Tindak Pidana Siber. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2012.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jih.2025.11.2.664

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



JURNAL IDEA HUKUM (ISSN Online: 2442-7241 | ISSN Print: 2442-7454) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 

Indexed by:

Crossref logo  DOAJ has had a makeover and we hope you like the result! – DOAJ Blog  Sinta, Scopus ala Indonesia dari Kemenristekdikti – STIE Lhokseumawe